| 2025 | |
| 2024 | |
| 2023 | |
| 2022 | |
| 2021 | |
| 2020 | |
| 2019 | |
| 2018 | |
| 2017 | |
| 2016 | |
| 2015 | |
| 2014 | |
| 2013 | |
| 2012 | |
| 2011 | |
| 2010 | |
| 2009 | |
| 2008 | |
| 2007 | |
| 2006 | |
| 2005 | |
| 2004 | |
| EurUP 06/2004 | |
| EurUP 05/2004 | |
| EurUP 01/2004 | |
Emissions trading and EC state aid law
The EC scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading provides for a free of charge allocation of at least 95% of the allowances for the first trading period.
According to the Commission, State aid will, inter alia, always be involved if a Member State allocates more than 95% of the allowances free of charge, thereby foregoing public revenue. However, the Commission ignores that a free of charge allocation of allowances as such, too, constitutes State aid that is imputable to the Member States. By not requesting formal notification of the National Allocation Plans under Article 88(3) EC, the Commission seeks to avoid a strict examination of the State aid question. Considering “that any potential aid is likely to be compatible with the common market should it be assessed in accordance with Article 88(3) of the Treaty” is not sufficient for justifying such a State aid measure. Since the environmental objectives of emission trading can as well be achieved by e.g. auctioning the allowances, a free of charge allocation is not “essential” in the meaning of the exemption clauses in Article 87(3) EC. If the Commission embraces a pragmatic approach and decides to exempt such State aid on political grounds, its decision bears the danger of being annulled by the Court of First Instance.
| Copyright: | © Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH | |
| Quelle: | EurUP 05/2004 (Oktober 2004) | |
| Seiten: | 8 | |
| Autor: | Prof. Dr. Christian Koenig  René Pfromm | |
| Die Bibliothek und die Kaufoptionen sind umgezogen zu https://library.wasteculture.com Bereits erworbene Artikel können weiterhin über myASK abgerufen werden. | ||
Diese Fachartikel könnten Sie auch interessieren:
Energy from biomass
© OTH Amberg-Weiden (8/2005)
In principle biomass is organically stored solar energy. The storage occurs through photosynthesis in plants and via the plants in animals as well. According to this definition, coal, oil and gas may also be considered as biomass; after all they originate from dead plant and animal residue. As we understand it today, biomass also has a temporal dimension. It is decisive for our climate that the growth process of biomass - while it is converting carbon, mostly from the carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air, into organic matter - closely coincides with the release, e.g. by energetic utilization. This period can last several hundred years for trees and only a few weeks for other plants.
Stand und Perspektiven thermischer Verfahren
© OTH Amberg-Weiden (7/2005)
Die energetische Nutzung von Biomasse ist seit vielen Jahren ein Schwerpunkt nationaler und internationaler Fördermaßnahmen. Biomasse gilt als regenerativer, CO2-freier Energieträger. Zwar beträgt das technische Potenzial der Nutzung dieses Energieträgers nur etwa 8-10% des Primärenergieeinsatzes in der BRD und in Europa, Biomasse eignet sich aber im Besonderen für die Substitution von fossilen Festbrennstoffen, wie Stein- und Braunkohle, und kann daher wesentlich zur Minderung von CO2-Emissionen beitragen.
It Takes Two to Tango – Climate Policy at COP 10 in Buenos Aires and Beyond
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (4/2005)
Positive moments in international climate diplomacy generally do not last very long. On 18 November 2004, Russia finally completed its ratification of the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). In accordance with Article 25.1, Russia’s ratification was the last one needed for the Protocol to enter into force, which took place amid worldwide celebrations on 16 February 2005.
The Implementation of the EU ETS Directive in the EU Member States in the Light of the German National Allocation Plan
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (4/2005)
The European Union (EU) as a party to the Kyoto Protocol has made a commitment to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases by 8% from the base-year 1990 to the commitment period 2008 to 2012. In order to fulfil this commitment, the EU has decided to implement a system with tradable emissions allowances, the European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS).
CO2e-Emissionshandel für Deponie(schwach)gas Handel mit Treibhausgasemissionen bzw. Treibhausgasberechtigungen (JI und CDM-Projekte für Deponiegas)
© Witzenhausen-Institut für Abfall, Umwelt und Energie GmbH (4/2005)
Natürlicher Treibhauseffekt (Glasscheiben eines Treibhauses): Troposhärische Sonnenenergie wird eingefangen, indem Sonnenlicht durchgelassen wird (energiereiche kurzwellige Strahlung) und die Infrarotstrahlung (langwellige Wärmestrahlung) zurückgehalten bzw. verzögert abgestrahlt wird. Dieser „natürliche Treibhauseffekt“ verhindert, dass die von der Sonne ausgehende und die Erde erwärmende Infrarotstrahlung wieder in den Weltraum reflektiert wird.
